Q: How is the situation in Brazil in terms of CV risk factors in women?

Antonio Chagas (AC):  Brazil has done a very good job in terms of tobacco control interventions. Unfortunately, however, the mean body mass index of Brazilians is increasing. We have an increase in hypertension and dyslipidemia. Of course, all these risks factors play a key role in development of coronary artery disease and stroke. Women hold a very important position in society, in the workplace and in the community, but they are becoming more inactive. This translates into an increased incidence of acute MI and stroke. The Brazil government and relevant bodies should urgently address these CVD risk factors.

Q: Do you agree that gender differences in outcomes of CVD treatment are mostly due to genetic factors rather than intervention delay?

AC: I think there is much more than genetic factors at play. While we clearly have specific information showing that women are protected before menopause, after that, women have the same risk scale for heart disease as men. Several other factors can affect progression of CVD, like changes in hormone receptors and lipid profile. So there is definitely much more to the problem than genetics.

Q: Any additional thoughts on addressing CV risk in women?

AC: I think that we really need to work towards improving the prognosis of women, specifically for coronary artery disease. This means not only focusing on medication and intervention, but principally focusing on prevention. We clearly need to emphasize prevention and patient education in order to tackle the high incidence of CVD in women worldwide.